reMarkable Firmware Version 3.18

Current sub-version: 3.18.2.3

This page takes a deep dive into the firmware that is pre-installed on reMarkable e-in tablets to help potential customers decide if reMarkable products have the software functionality that they need.

New with this release

• Auto-orientation between landscape and portrait (reMarkable Paper Pro only)
• Disk encryption (reMarkable 2 only)
• Simplified toolbar (moved some toolbar icons)
• Doc scanner (via mobile app)

Some very interesting updates to the reMarkable ecosystem with this release.

The Doc Scanner means that you can use the mobile app to take a photograph of a paper document, which wil then be converted to PDF and synced with your reMarkable tablet. Within the app, there are also features to clean marks (such as fingerprints) from the document, apply filters (color, grayscale and black-and-white), and crop/rotate the document. Once the document has synced to the tablet, you can edit/annotate it as you would any other PDF.

The toolbar in the native notes/reading apps has changed slightly. The buttons for emailing a document, initialising screenshare, and handwriting-to-text conversion have now moved from the Share menu (which is no longer there) to the document settings menu. I’m not entirely sure why they’ve decided to do this because there was a fair bit of blank space on the toolbar already – perhaps this means there are new features/buttons coming soon so they needed to make a bit of room for them?

The final two features is (I believe) the first time that there has been a fork in the software for reMarkable’s two tablets.

Users of the reMarkable Paper Pro now have auto-rotation between landscape and portrait enabled. So it would seem that the rMPP always had a G-Sensor inside it, it just didn’t have the software to make it work.

I’m pretty certain that the reMarkable 2 has never had a g-sensor, so, without the hardware, auto-rotation could never be enabled on this model. Instead, reMarkable released disk encryption with this update (the rMPP already has data encryption out-of-the-box). Enabling encryption on the rM2 requires a factory reset, which wipes all the local data. Although you can recover your data by syncing with the reMarkable Cloud afterwards, without a Connect subscription, it is likely that some older files will not be restored with their latest versions (anything that hasn’t been accessed for 50+ days).

As far as I’m aware, reMarkable are the only e-ink tablet brand that offer full disk encryption for their devices (although some other brands do offer various implementations of individual file encryption or file locking with a password).

Overall, a nice little update.

Operating system

• reMarkable tablets run a bespoke version of Linux called Codex.
• The operating system is locked down and does not support the installation of third-party software.
• SIDENOTE: It is possible to ‘hack’ the reMarkable operating system and sideload apps (via SSH over USB), however, this is unsupported and could screw up your tablet and/or void your warranty. In addition, it requires some technical knowledge/experience with the Linux command line. I wouldn’t recommend trying this unless you are confident about what you are doing.

Navigation

• The home screen is simply a list of your files (notebooks, PDFs, and e-books) – it is very minimal and streamlined
• In the top-right is battery icon, and tapping on it displays icons for:
  • Remaining battery
  • Wifi connection
  • Screen share
  • Aeroplane mode toggle
• On the reMarkable Paper Pro (rMPP), there is also an option to adjust the frontlight (5 brightness levels and ‘off’) and a button to lock the screen orientation
• In the top-left is a hamburger icon, with options for filtering which files are shown (see Filesystem below), Integrations with third-party clouds, the trash can, User Guides, and Settings
• Around the bottom-center is a small floating toolbar, with buttons to search for files (search by filename or tags only, not handwriting) and to create a new notebook
• Within the search function, you can also filter your files by Folders, Notebooks, PDFs, Ebooks, and Favorites, and sort them alphabetically or by date created/date modified.
• At the top-centre is the reMarkable logo. Tapping it takes you back to the main homescreen

Filesystem

• As stated above, the homescreen shows all the files on the reMarkable tablet
• The files can be configured to be viewed as a list or a grid
• The files can be sorted by last modified, last opened, date created, alphabetically, filesize, and page count (both ascending and descending order)
• Files can be organised into hierarchical folders
• Long-pressing on a file selects it and offers several options along the top bar:
  • Export (to third-party cloud drive)
  • Tag (custom tags are used to mark a file as belonging to a particular category – e.g. you might use the tag ‘Maths‘ to flag all your books and notebooks related to your mathematics studying)
  • Favourite (Put a star next to file to tag it as a favourite)
  • Duplicate
  • Rename
  • Send (send a file via email in PDF, PNG, SVG, or text format)
  • Move
  • Delete
• Multiple files can be selected for bulk export, tagging, favouriting, duplicating, moving, and deleting
• Tapping the hamburger icon in the top-left provides options for:
  • Filter by – Filtering files by type (notebooks, PDFs, or Ebooks)
  • Favorites – Filtering files by favourites
  • Tags – Filtering files/pages by tags
  • Integrations – Accessing third party drives (to browse and import files)
  • Trash – Deleted files/folders
  • Guides – Read user guides on the tablet itself
  • Settings – (see below for more info)

File transfers

• Note that reMarkable tablets only have native support for PDF and ePUB file formats
• Files can be transferred to the reMarkable via:
  • Third-party clouds (Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive are supported) – you browse the drive from the tablet and then select the file to import it to the tablet
  • The reMarkable desktop/mobile apps – browse and select files to import from your other devices (you can also photograph a paper document, which will be converted to PDF)
  • Read on reMarkable Chrome Extension (Only available for the Chrome web browser) – Whilst browsing the web, tap a button to convert a webpage to PDF or simplified text and send a copy to your reMarkable cloud/tablet. There is also an add-on for Microsoft Office, which allows you to convert Word and Powerpoint files to PDF for viewing on the reMarkable tablet.
  • My reMarkable – Log on to your reMarkable cloud from any web browser and select and upload/import files
  • USB Web Interface – Connect the tablet to another device via USB and transfer files using a web interface/web server (regular USB mounting is not supported, the HTTP web interface has to be used)
• Files that have been imported are copied to the reMarkable Cloud and current versions will be available across all reMarkable devices, and via the Desktop/Mobile apps
• Files can be transferred from the reMarkable via:
  • Third-party clouds (Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive are supported) – select the file and tap the Export button to upload it to your cloud drive
  • The reMarkable desktop/mobile apps – browse and select files to share/download from other devices
  • USB Web Interface – Connect the tablet to another device via USB and transfer files using a web interface/web server (regular USB mounting is not supported, the web interface has to be used)
  • Email – Select the file and tap the Send button. Add recipients and an optional message, and choose the file format (PDF, PNG, SVG, or Text in email)

Cloud and companion app

• reMarkable offers perhaps the most feature-rich companion apps of all e-ink tablet brands
• The companion app is available as a desktop app on Windows and MacOS, and a mobile app on Android and iOS
• They also offer a web app that can be accessed via any web browser (but does not offer as many features as the desktop/mobile apps)
• Using the app, you can organise your files (e.g. create new folders, move/copy/rename/delete files)
• You can also send/download files in PDF format
• In addition, using the mobile app, you can take a picture of a paper document and it will be converted to PDF and sent to your reMarkable tablet
• Finally, you can also create new notebooks and edit existing notebooks using the app
• However, creation/editing has some caveats – only text can be edited (not stylus input, such as hand-writing or sketches), and you have to be Connect subscriber (see below)

reMarkable Cloud and Connect subscription

• Files on the reMarkable tablet can only be synchronised with the reMarkable Cloud – although there is support for third-party cloud drives, this is limited to manually exporting and importing individual files. This makes it quite difficult to use a reMarkable tablet without a reMarkable user account.
• A standard reMarkable account is free, but lacks many of the benefits of their premium account (called Connect)
• reMarkable’s Connect subscription is a monthly charge of around $3 that provides certain additional benefits
• reMarkable are the only e-ink tablet brand that hide some features/functionality behind a paywall
• When a new reMarkable account is created, a 100-day Connect subscription is provided for free (although they do take your payment details first so that they can automatically charge you when this expires)
• Benefits of a Connect subscription include:
  • As noted above, only Connect subscribers can create/edit notebooks using the app
  • In addition, without a Connect subscription, your files stop syncing with the reMarkable cloud if they are not opened for 50 days
  • Once a file is no longer being synced, any updates to it are only stored on the tablet itself (not on the cloud). Even if you access a file again after 50 days, it remains ‘unsyncable‘ unless you renew the Connect subscription.
  • Connect subscribers also get access to a curated library of templates and workbooks that can be imported into their tablet
  • Connect subscribers also get an extended 3-year warranty (the normal warranty is 2 years)
• So, although it is possible to use the reMarkable without the Connect subscription, it is needed to get the most from the platform.
• It is worth considering the fact that reMarkable could decide to increase the price of Connect at some point in the future, so even if an ongoing charge of around $35-a-year is acceptable to you at the moment, it could be raised to a figure you might not find acceptable later, and there will be little you can do about it if you wish to keep the same functionality
• reMarkable’s original Connect subscription (back in 2021) cost $8 per month and hid even more features behind the paywall (a brief overview of this can be found here). Thankfully they decided to change it to make it less restrictive (but it is still more restrictive than other brands)

Settings

• The Settings menu is categorised as follows:
  • General – Account, Marker power charge (rMPP only), Language & Keyboard, Display Options (inc. Transparent ScreenSaver) Firmware version, Help, Flight Mode Toggle, Restart, and Turn Off
  • Wi-Fi – Toggle wifi, and set up wifi connections
  • Battery – Auto-sleep and auto power-off (can only be configured for 5/20/60 minutes and 12 hours of inactivity, respectively)
  • Storage – Disk space, USB Web Interface Toggle, Check synchronisation is working
  • Security – Passcode (choice of 4,6, or 8 digits), show name and contact info on sleep screen (on rM2, option to enable disk encryption)
  • Accessibility – Left/right-handed, standard/large font size

Native note-taking software

• reMarkable has a streamlined but functional note-taking app
• The canvas can either be used as a single page to a screen (and flip between the pages by swiping left and right), or as infinite scroll (swipe up and down to make the page ‘longer‘)
• On the rMPP, the screen has a tendency to flash/refresh every now and then (particularly when using the shader tool) which can be quite off-putting.

Toolbar & navigation

• There is a cross in the top-right corner to close the notebook
• On the left-hand side is the toolbar – it has the following buttons:
  • Minimise – minimises the toolbar and hides the cross in the top-right to provide a larger canvas
  • Brushes – configure up to two brushes on the toolbar for quick access – see below
  • Text – Insert text (using either the on-screen keyboard, or reMarkable’s own type-folio), set wide or narrow text columns
  • Eraser – choose either area (three sizes) or selection eraser, or erase the whole page
  • Lasso-select – see below
  • Layers/templates – see below
  • Undo
  • Redo
  • Page Overview – see below
  • Tags – see below
  • Notebook settings – Add page, set to landscape, search (text only, not handwriting), present with screenshare, send by email, convert handwriting to text – see below

Templates & layers

• reMarkable tablets come pre-installed with around 50 templates, including blank, lined, grid, task list, daily calendar etc.
• There are templates for both portrait and landscape modes
• The template can be changed for each page of the notebook
• reMarkable do not support custom templates or importing PDF templates into the native note-taking app
• However, you can open a third-party PDF in the reading app and annotate it, but this does not have the same functionality as the note-taking app (some features like inserting text and handwriting-to-text conversion are unavailable)
• With version 3.17, reMarkable introduced a curated list of templates that can be downloaded/imported from their website (reMarkable Methods), but this is only available for Connect Subscribers. This comprises of PDF ‘Workbooks’ (which are opened in the native reading app) and ‘Templates’, which are single-page templates for the note-taking app.
• Layers can be thought of as several sheets of transparent paper stacked on top of one another
• Essentially, the template occupies the lower layer and you write on the layer above it
• One of the layers is reserved by reMarkable for text-based input
• Layers can be created, moved up and down, merged, hidden and deleted

Pens/brushes, text and eraser

• reMarkable offer the following brushes/pens:
  • Ballpoint (3 thicknesses, 5 colours, pressure sensitivity)
  • Fineliner (3 thicknesses, 5 colours)
  • Pencil (3 thicknesses, pressure sensitivity, tilt sensitivity)
  • Mechanical Pencil (3 thicknesses, pressure sensitivity)
  • Highlighter (6 colours and can ‘snap-to-text’)
  • Marker (3 thicknesses, 5 colours, pressure sensitivity, tilt sensitivity)
  • Paintbrush (3 thicknesses, 3 colours, pressure sensitivity, tilt sensitivity)
  • Calligraphy Pen (3 thicknesses, 3 colours)
  • Shader (3 thicknesses, gray only, pressure sensitivity, supports layering – build up the darkness of the gray by repeated shading with the stylus)
• There is also a button on the toolbar to insert text – text is inputted on a separate layer (of the same page)
• The text option is used when typing using reMarkable’s Type Folio (integrated keyboard/folio)
• The eraser can be configured as either an area eraser, with three thicknesses (only the area you touch with the stylus is erased), or a selection eraser (everything within an outline/selection you draw is erased)
• There is also an option to erase everything on the page
• There are also buttons to undo and redo actions

Lasso selection

• The lasso-selection tool is used to select a piece of handwriting, pen strokes, or text
• The selection can then be moved, resized, rotated, flipped, or converted to text
• Selections can also be cut/copied and then pasted onto the same page, a different page, or a different notebook
• With version 3.15, reMarkable added a stylus gesture to select all handwriting below a certain point. By drawing a horizontal line across the screen and holding the tip of the marker on the screen for a second, a dialog box pops up with an option to ‘Select Below’. Tapping this option, selects all handwriting below the line you drew.

Handwriting recognition and AI features

• reMarkable tablets can convert handwriting to text using OCR
• A selection can be converted to text using the lasso-selection tool
• A whole page can be converted to text by tapping the share button on the toolbar, followed by the Convert to text option
• Multiple pages can be converted to text by selecting them in the Page Overview and tapping the Convert button
• Converted text is inserted into the notebook as a new page
• To send the converted to text to other devices, the new page must be exported as text and then sent via email
• reMarkable does not support handwriting search – you can only search the text in a notebook
• reMarkable will automatically straighten a line if you you hold the stylus on the screen after drawing a free-hand line. You can then change the angle of the line by moving the stylus.
• reMarkable will straighten the edges of triangles, squares and rectangles, and draw perfect circles when you hold the stylus on the screen after drawing them freehand

Tags

• Notebook pages can be tagged with custom keywords to make them easier to find in the future
• Tags can also be applied to whole notebooks, files and folders

Page Overview

• From the Page Overview screen, you can view all the pages in your notebook
• Up to 12 pages (with thumbnails and associated tags) can be displayed per page – if the notebook is larger than 12 pages, swiping left will show the next 12
• Pages can be viewed as a grid or a list
• Icons at the top can be used to send the notebook via email (see above) or tag the whole notebook
• Long-pressing on pages selects them for individual or bulk page tagging/sending (there is also a ‘select all’ option)
• Selected pages can also be moved, deleted, duplicated, or converted to text

Export

• As with most e-ink brands, notebooks are stored on the tablet in a proprietary file format
• To open them on other devices (without using the Companion App), they need to be exported in a more universal file format
• Notebooks can be exported and sent via email in PDF, PNG, or SVG format
• Notebooks/pages that contain text can also be exported as text within the body of the email
• You can choose which pages of a notebook are exported

Native reading & annotation software

• reMarkable only natively supports PDF and ePub file formats (and it is doubtful whether ePubs are natively supported or actually automatically converted to PDF within the app)
• The native reading app has the same design as the note-taking app, with the toolbar on the left-hand side and the close button in the top-right corner
• ePubs and PDFs can be written on using the stylus
• The highlighter brush can be used to highlight passages of text – a freehand highlight mark automatically straightens around the text
• Both ePubs and PDFs can be exported (as PDF, PNG, or SVG formats – NOT ePub), retaining any handwriting and highlights
• However, it seems there is no way to export just your highlights as text
• Additional blank pages for notes can be inserted into PDFs and ePubs (as of version 3.16, these note pages support templates and layers)
• For ePubs, the font can be configured to one of 6 preset sizes, or 5 preset font types. There are also options for left or centre justification, page margin widths, and line spacing.
• However, adjusting the font in ePubs often screws up the alignment of any highlights/annotations you’ve made.
• There are also performance issues when an ePub reloads after making configuration changes – it appears that rather than just reflowing the document like most e-reading software, it is converting it to a new PDF with different font settings. This can result in significant performance issues, particularly with large files.
• For PDFs, you can choose to fit the page to the width of the screen, the height of the screen, or a custom view
• Pinch-to-zoom zooms in and out for both PDF and ePub files (rather than changing the font size as happens with ePubs in most e-reading software). Pinch-to-zoom on reMarkable tablets is pretty smooth.
• PDFs can be viewed in landscape mode (half a page to a screen)
• The contrast of PDFs can be improved (settings for adaptive or full page)
• Text search is available for both ePubs and PDFs, however, with PDFs, whether text search works depends on how it was originally created. For example, paper documents that have been scanned in using the mobile app are essentially image files rather than text files, so text search does not work with them.
• On the whole, the native e-reading software is very basic with fewer configuration options than other brands, and some performance issues (particularly with ePubs)

Other native software

• reMarkable tablets do not have much to offer in terms of other software native – it is designed primarily for note-taking and reading/annotating documents
• You can share the screen of a reMarkable, but only with a Windows or MacOS device that is running the reMarkable desktop app and logged in with your credentials

Third-party software

• reMarkable tablets do not support installation of third-party software
• It is possible to ‘hack’ the system to provide additional functionality, but this can potentially damage the tablet

Overall Verdict

Firmware Overview